What is health literacy?
Personal health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
Organizational health literacy is the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
Health literacy occurs when a society provides accurate health information and services that people can easily find, understand, and use to inform their decisions and actions.
Why is health literacy important?
Poor health literacy can contribute to bad health outcomes by combining with other factors that lead to poor health. People with low health literacy often struggle to follow preventive health advice, stick to treatment plans, or take care of themselves properly. They are more likely to stay in the hospital for longer periods, return to the hospital for avoidable reasons, or need emergency care that could have been prevented. Studies show that people with low health literacy have 6% more hospital visits and hospital stays that last two days longer than those with higher health literacy. This can cost an extra $143 to $7,798 per year per patient, or 3–5% of total healthcare costs. Altogether, low health literacy adds up to $238 billion in extra healthcare costs each year in the U.S., which is about 17% of all personal healthcare spending.
Who is affected?
Everyone can be affected by poor health literacy at different times of their life, depending on the situation. But these groups are more likely to experience challenges.
- Those who are over 65 can have hearing and vision loss, and cognitive decline, making it difficult to understand complex health information.
- Those with lower levels of education and/or with limited English proficiency may struggle with medical jargon, reading comprehension, complex forms and healthcare instructions.
- Those with low income or socioeconomic status may have limited access to healthcare services, information, and resources.
- Those from a different country may not initially understand how or where to properly access healthcare services and information.
- Those with chronic illnesses may be overwhelmed from managing multiple medications, treatment plans, and health information.
- Those with cognitive or mental health challenges can have difficulties processing and applying health information.
- Young people often rely on their caregiver to access health services and information on their behalf, and then make health decisions for them.